Definition of Leadership
The leader is a determining factor in determining the results of efforts undertaken by an organization. So in principle, it is the leader who has the greatest opportunity to turn "straw into gold" or "turn piles of money into ashes". The proverb above explains that the leader factor is the main/important factor that can determine the success and failure of a joint venture and leadership is the key to the success of an organization/business.
Leadership Theory
There are several theories about leadership. By highlighting the historical (historical) background. The reasons for the emergence of leadership, the requirements to be a leader, the main characteristics, the duties of a leader, etc.
Historical Background.
Leadership emerged together with the existence of human civilization. Namely since the ancestors of humans gathered together and there was cooperation between humans. At that time a man who is the oldest, strongest, smartest, wisest or bravest will emerge as the leader.
Several Theories of the Causes of the Emergence of a Leader
a. genetic Theory,
Which states that leaders are not made, but leaders arise or exist by themselves.
b. Social Theory.
Leaders must be prepared (through education), everyone can become a leader if they get proper education.
c. Ecological Theory ( Synthesis ).
A successful leader is a leader who has the talent to lead and is then developed through education and experience development efforts.
Historical Background.
Leadership emerged together with the existence of human civilization. Namely since the ancestors of humans gathered together and there was cooperation between humans. At that time a man who is the oldest, strongest, smartest, wisest or bravest will emerge as the leader.
Several Theories of the Causes of the Emergence of a Leader
a. genetic Theory,
Which states that leaders are not made, but leaders arise or exist by themselves.
b. Social Theory.
Leaders must be prepared (through education), everyone can become a leader if they get proper education.
c. Ecological Theory ( Synthesis ).
A successful leader is a leader who has the talent to lead and is then developed through education and experience development efforts.
g.) Type of Compromiser (Compromiser).
Is the type of a leader who has a volatile nature (not fixed) establishment and weak in making decisions.
h.) Executive Type
Is the type of a leader who is able to provide motivation and be an example, diligent, views and insights are quite broad.
i.) Charismatic Type.
The type of a leader who has the advantages of attractiveness and high temperament. It is considered by his followers/subordinates that this type of leader has advantages, extraordinary powers that can make many people amazed.
j.) Paternalistic type .
Is the type of leader who has a fatherly nature. Likes to protect but rarely gives a chance. Many make their own decisions, like to take initiative, fantasize a lot and don't easily trust other people.
k.) Militaristic Type.
Is the type of leader who likes to rule, requires absolute/full obedience from his subordinates/members. Many elements of work formality as well as the most rigid discipline.
l.) Administrative Type.
A good leader in administrative administration. Such as neat administration and effective and efficient thinking.
Leadership Requirements.
This is associated with three important things that a leader must have, namely:
1.) Power.
2.) Authority.
3.) Ability.
In addition, attention should also be paid to the mastery of the concepts. Possessing potential, as well as motivation that can be grown (sometimes ambition is also needed).
Leadership must have an element of ability to influence other people (subordinates/groups) to do a job in achieving a certain goal.
Leadership techniques.
With socially technical abilities and skills, a leader can apply leadership theories to his daily activities. Some leadership techniques include several categories, namely:
a. Leadership professional ethics
Obligations that belong to a leader, how should the behavior of a leader and his moral development.
b. Group dynamics.
The occurrence of interaction (reciprocity) between each group.
c. Communication.
The appropriate flow of information and emotions, the conveyance of feelings, thoughts and wills of other individuals (groups).
d. Decision making
A very important thing for a leader even though it is actually quite difficult.
e. Discussion skills (compromise).
Discussion comes from the Latin language (Discuccio) which means to solve in various pieces (parts). This means that the discussion aims to solve the problem so that the best solution is found that will be taken by an organization through a conclusion from the results of the discussion.
Leader traits.
A leader must have good qualities. Among others :
a. Strong mentally and physically.
b. Enthusiastic.
c. Friendly and affectionate.
d. Honest.
e. Have the ability (skill).
f. Firm and quick in drawing conclusions.
g. Smart and wise.
h. Experienced.
i. Can be trusted.
j. Can control his emotions ( stable ).
k. Be objective and fair.
l. Can give orders, blame, praise, and correction.
m. Can accept suggestions and criticism.
n. Pay attention to the group.
o. Create discipline by example.
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