BCG vaccine

 Complete basic immunization is where a person gets/obtains complete routine immunization starting from the age of 0-11 months. after receiving complete basic immunization, it is continued with further immunization in the form of DPT-HB-Hib and measles-rubella until the age of 18 months.

    Measles-rubella immunization is also given to children of grade 1 elementary school age and DT/Td immunization to children of grade 2 and grade 5 school ages.

    One of the vaccines given in the provision of complete basic immunization is the BCG vaccine. to know more about the BCG vaccine, let's talk about the BCG vaccine.

1. BCG

The BCG vaccine is a dry culture vaccine from Bacillus Calmette. with doses for infants < 1 year (0.05 cc, > 1 year (0.1 cc). BCG vaccine is a vaccine that provides protection against tuberculosis infection (TB). TB is a serious infection that affects the lungs and sometimes the other parts of the body, such as the brain (meningitis), bones, joints and kidneys.

    the BCG vaccine contains a live, attenuated bacteria called Mycobacterium bovis (bacillus Calmette-Guérin), which is similar to the bacteria that causes TB. The way it works is by stimulating the immune system to make antibodies to destroy the TB bacteria, without causing disease.

    The BCG vaccine is 70-80 percent effective against the most severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis. This can be given to people who are at high risk of developing TB. However, this vaccine can also be used to treat other health conditions, such as bladder tumors or bladder cancer.

    The purpose of giving the BCG vaccine aims to prevent tuberculosis in people who are at high risk of getting the disease, or in places where TB is common. Groups of people at high risk of developing TB include:

1. Infants, children and adults living in countries with high TB ​​cases.

2. Adults traveling to countries with high TB ​​cases.

3. Adults who work as health workers.

4. Having close contact for a long time with someone who has TB.

    Please note, the BCG vaccine does not prevent someone from becoming infected with TB. However, once exposed, the vaccine is useful in preventing severe forms of TB disease, such as TB meningitis, especially in children.

    The BCG vaccine works more effectively when given to babies. Meanwhile in adults, the benefits of vaccines are not as good as other prevention strategies.

    BCG vaccine can be given to babies when they are 1 month old. However, it can also be given to older children (aged 16 and under) who are at high risk of being infected with TB. For children aged 6 years and over, a skin test needs to be done before giving the vaccine to see their hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein.

    In addition, the BCG vaccine is also recommended for adults who are at high risk of being infected with TB. If you want to travel to a country with high TB ​​cases, this vaccine must be given at least three months before departure.

    The BCG vaccine is only given once in a lifetime, but can be repeated if there is no good response within 2-3 months. Response was measured by a TB skin test.

    The BCG vaccine is given by injection in the upper arm. Keep the injected skin area clean and dry for 24 hours after receiving the vaccine.

    The BCG vaccine can cause side effects, but they are usually mild. Some common side effects include: Pain or discharge from the injection site.

1. Fever.

2. Headaches.

3. Swelling of the gland under the armpit on the arm where the injection was given.

    Most children have a sore at the injection site. After healing, there may be a small scar. However, this is normal and nothing to worry about. Serious side effects from the BCG vaccine, such as a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), are very rare.

source. Halodoc.com

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